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Male Infertility Testing
Male infertility affects 40–50% of infertile couples, often causing emotional stress, frustration, and feelings of inadequacy. While female fertility is frequently the initial focus, male factors contribute equally to conception challenges. Understanding the causes, testing process, and treatment options can empower couples to take proactive steps.
How Male Infertility Is Tested
1. Semen Analysis (SA) – The First Step
- What it checks:
- Sperm count (concentration: ≥15 million/mL is normal).
- Motility (≥40% progressive movement).
- Morphology (≥4% normal shape, per Kruger strict criteria).
- Volume (≥1.5 mL).
- pH, vitality, and white blood cells (signs of infection).
2. Additional Tests (If SA Is Abnormal)
- Hormone testing (FSH, testosterone, prolactin).
- DNA fragmentation test (high damage lowers IVF success).
- Scrotal ultrasound (checks for varicoceles/blockages).
- Genetic testing (for Y-chromosome microdeletions, cystic fibrosis mutations).
Instructions for a Semen Analysis
To ensure accurate results:
Abstinence Period:
- 2–5 days before the test (shorter/longer can skew results).
Collection Method:
- Masturbate into a sterile cup (no lubricants or condoms, which kill sperm). Label the cup and note the time of collection.
- Collection can be at home and deliver within 30 mins (keep warm).
- Alternatively collection can be in our office or the lab if distance from home is greater than 30 mins or inclement Wisconsin winter weather!
Avoid These Before Testing:
- Alcohol (3+ days prior).
- Hot tubs/saunas (heat harms sperm).
- Illness/fever (wait 2–3 months post-recovery).
If the first SA is abnormal, repeat in 4–6 weeks (sperm counts fluctuate).
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